Maulana Syed Ali Zafar Zaidi

Anything which you have purchased for your use even though you have not used it completely but it has lost the market value ( anyone would buy it from you and the shop keeper would not take it back from you) there is no khums on it and it would be considered as your expense. There is no Khums on one's genuine expense.

Mustahab fast can be broken anytime and there is no kaffara for that. But if the Fast was wajib then you can fast 60 days for one fast broken deliberately. If you are not capable health wise to fast 60 days then feed 60 poor people or give one mudd (=3/4kg) of foid- stuff, like wheat, barleyor bread etc to each of them. If you cant feed 60 people then seej divine forgiveness from Allah (swt). And Obligatory precaution is that you should give kaffarra as and when you are capable to do so.

if a person is committing daily of even 5 days a week he has to fast at his work place and offer his salat full not broken. but as for as timing of salat concern he has to follow the local time for his salat and for opening his fasts.

Who said you are atheist and don't believe in Islam? If this was the case you wouldn't ask this question.
Alhamdolillah you have fear of Allah you feel guilty what you have done agaist your desire. This is a very good sign. Many people skip their rituals that is not good but it's very common too. So don't worry about that. You just try to go agaist your wish or desire for a while i mean when your mind says dont pray namaz pray it just for the sake of not listening to your inner instinct. Recite this line as much as you can " La Haula Wa La Quwata illa billahil Aliyul Azim Hasbunallah Nemal Wakeel Nemal Maula Wa Nemannasir".
Listen to your parents if you feel anger leave the place.

Doubt in a 4 unit prayers before finishing the Zikr of the second Prostration

If a person doubts during Qiyam (before the Rukoo)as to whether he has offered 4 or 5 units he should sit down at once and finish the prayers and offer 1 unit by standing or 2 units by sitting of Salat-e-Ehtiyat.

If a person doubts while in Qiyam (Before the Rukoo) as to whether he has performed 3rd or 5th unit he should sit down at once and finish the prayers and offer 2 unit by standing of Salat-e-Ehtiyat.

If a person doubts while in Qiyam (Before the Rukoo) as to whether he has performed 3rd, 4th or 5th unit he should sit down at once and finish the prayers and offer 2 unit by standing and 2 units by sitting of Salat-e-Ehtiyat.

You are allowed do all that which is the part of a foreplay during the sexual contact with your wife if she agrees do so and doesn't feel uncomfortable with that. Also what is appropriate and not against the ethics of a sexual pleasure.
As for as sex after menses concern. The criterion is that once a woman has been cleaned ( stopped) from her menses and she has done her ghusl of haiz.
About the days as you know it is from 3 till 10 days now it depends person to person. Some women can have 3 days some 5 days and some till 6 or 7 or maximum 10 days. So once a woman doesn't sees blood traces in her private parts it means she is now Pak and after performing Ghusl she can make a relationship with her husband.

If its possible for him to keep his/her forehead on the ground or on whatever things h/she is using for sajdah it would be considered h/her Sajdah. Otherwise if it's not feasible for him/her to put forehead on the ground can take mohr in hand and touch it on the forehead.

https://www.al-islam.org/commentary-prayer-muhsin-qaraati/bowing-down-ruku-and-prostration-sujud

Quran main aisa kahin nahi aya hai " Qura e Hikmat" magar "Hikmat" lafz ka istemal bahot hua hai. jiska litral meaning Wisdom hai. kahis is lehaz istemal hua hai ke log kion wisdom ka istemal nahin karte. Ya is liye istemal hua hai ke Allah ne Rasool ko bheja hi is liye hai ke woh logon ko Hikmat aur Quran ki taleem den. Lehaza Quran main Hikmat ka matlab Aql aur Logic ya wisdom bayan hua hai.

Agar musalman hai to nikah main koi mushkil nahin hai.

Most of your questions can be answered by one word that is No. But yes we do believe in Jinn as Quran has mentioned details about them. But as for as Shia perspective if we talk anything negative about them (Jinn) its just their temptation to Humans for doing wrong things or bad deeds. Therefore if you read chapter Falaq and Nas in the Holy Quran it has been asked same ways that we should seek refuge of Allah from the harm of both Jinn and Ins ( Insan= Human). So it's against the Justice of Allah swt that he give power to an entity who comes and harm an innocent human who can not defend himself or can't realisizes their presence. If we talk about ghost or witch and black magic sometimes it can work but not frequently and with anyone and if it happens there are ways to tackle them. So whatever you hear from Ghost or raed and watch in movies or in the books of Christian or Hindus or even Muslims most of the time it's just superstition or cinematic scenes but not authentic.

There is one wazifa you may try inshallah your problem will be solved.
Before going to bed at the night clean yourself and wear clean clothes and use the place to sleep which is also clean (Pak). Sleep alone not with your family. Before sleep recite Surah Shams and Suran Layl 7-7 times. Then recite: "Allahumma Ija'l Lee Min Amry Hadha Farajan wa Makhrajaa."
So anyone does this amal he might see first day a dream or 3rd or 5th Day might be 7th day. He will be said the solution for the problem in your dream.

Some Olema have said to recite Surah Ad Dhuha and Surah Alm Nashrah and 7-7 times Surah Shams, Layl, At- Teen, Ikhlas, Falaq and Sura Nas. Then sleep towards Qibla direction in the state of Wudhu. You will see in your dream from 1st till 7th Night you will see a dream.
Note: If you feel comfortable to do this the do it otherwise don't do it.

You can eat it.

ہندوستان اور ایران سمیت کئی ثقافتوں میں سورج یا چاند گرہن کو حاملہ عورت کے لیے بدقسمت سمجھا جاتا ہے اور یہ خیال کیا جاتا ہے کہ چاند گرہن جسمانی خرابی، پھٹے ہونٹوں یا بڑھتے ہوئے بچے کے چہرے اور جسم پر پیدائشی نشانات کا باعث بنتا ہے۔ ان توہمات کی حمایت کرنے کے لیے کوئی سائنسی ثبوت موجود نہیں ہے، لیکن یہ ہماری ثقافت میں اتنی مضبوطی سے شامل ہیں کہ یہ آپ یا خاندان کے دیگر افراد کو چاند گرہن کے دوران کسی کو بھی بچے کی حفاظت کے بارے میں فکر مند بنا سکتے ہیں۔ حمل کے دوران سورج اور چاند گرہن دیکھنے میں کوئی حرج نہیں ہے، کیونکہ یہ محض سایہ ہے جو بچے کو نقصان نہیں پہنچا سکتا۔ اس سلسلہ میں جو باتین بتائی جاتی ہیں زیادہ تر خرافات اور بنیاد ہیں اور ان کے کوئی صحیح سائنسی مضمرات نہیں ہیں۔
سورج گرہن اور چاند گرہن، جیسے سورج کا نکلنا اور غروب ہونا یا موسم کی تبدیلیاں، مکمل طور پر قدرتی مظاہر ہیں اور اس وقت رونما ہوتے ہیں جب سورج، چاند اور زمین سب ایک ہی لائن میں ہوں۔ جب چاند سورج اور زمین کے درمیان ہوتا ہے اور چاند کا سایہ زمین پر پڑتا ہے تو اسے سورج گرہن کہتے ہیں۔ جب زمین سورج اور چاند کے درمیان ہوتی ہے اور زمین کا سایہ چاند پر پڑتا ہے تو اسے چاند گرہن کہتے ہیں۔

If he is really accepting Islam and going to live his life accepting to Islam then his past will not play any role in his future life and future generation.

The meaning of the phrase is that peace be upon you, the owner of decisive evidence; That is, your proofs and proofs are decisive for all words and arguments, and in fact, the your words of speech is the final and most likely no one can have arguments for it.

Its true that in the Holy Quran it has been frequently asked that we should mind the duties of Allah swt and have Taqwa which is some how defined as fear of God but actual meaning of Taqwa is have discipline in our life and follow the commands of Allah swt so we can achieve salvation and Sa'dat in this world and hereafter. Also it has said that no one can do intercession but except those whom He will give the permission.
If you read this holy verse:

Surah Al-Baqara, Verse 255:
اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَن ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ

Allah is He besides Whom there is no god, the Everliving, the Self-subsisting by Whom all subsist; slumber does not overtake Him nor sleep; whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth is His; who is he that can intercede with Him ☆☆☆(but by His permission?) ☆☆He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they cannot comprehend anything out of His knowledge except what He pleases, His knowledge extends over the heavens and the earth, and the preservation of them both tires Him not, and He is the Most High, the Great.

مَن ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ
☆☆☆(but by His permission?) ☆☆
But intercession doesn't mean that we do frequently mistakes or sin in our daily lives hoping just on the Day of Judgment Prophet and Aimmah (a.s) will do intercession for us. We have asked for forgiveness purely and sincerely from Allah after any mistakes done and not to repeat it again anad again. Also we should feel guilty. Then if we have done this we might have intercession on the day of Judgment inshallah.

This type of oath has no credibility. A Muslim can be no mere muslim if he/ she denies the existence of Allah (swt) His Prophets and the day of the Judgment. About you waswas the shariya rules say if anyone has extreme level of doubts then he/she has to ignore his/her doubts.

These all reated to basically to avoid a lavish life specially as for as jewelry concern it give to human a boasting nature and also lowers down morality because it involves too much towards a material life and thought. You may ask these same about a car and house etc. but if they exceed from the necessity and reached to the level of prideband show off then that thing will also not be permissible.

Yes why not. One can ask these in his or her duas.But make sure our duas must be in the light Islamic boundries and teachings. And should not be against Islamic laws. For example if anyone wishes to have such thing in his/ her life which is not allowed to have with in the Islam.

If Doctor has recommended to you and water is harmful for your heath then yes otherwise no you have to do wudhu.

According to some tradition of the holy Prophet (saww) it is Mustahab (recommended) that a person should give Walima ( Invite few people for food) also recite Hadith Al Kissa and also recite Quran which should be always in practice.

Nothing is guaranteed for the heaven except one own deeds that has reached to the lavel of acceptance of Allah (swt). But we dont know which deeds of us has accepted that is why we do all the recommended deeds again and again while we are living in this material world.
Zina itself is a greator sin therefore first of all both who has committed this act of Haram has to ask for forgiveness seriously from Allah (swt). Rest is depends upon His mercy. Because Allah knows better.

Applying makeup is itself not Haram but if after makeup anyone wants to go outside in the presence of non mahram then she has to hide her makeup. Otherwise if she is going to the place where there is no non mahram then its ok. A woman can not go outside without a proper covering (Hijab) even if her husband allows her. It is haram for a woman to go outside without hijab even if her Father or Brother or mother or even her husband ask her to do so.

I've gone through the Wikipedia information related to M&M's. There are two things I found suspective in this chocolate; one is the use of gelatin and the other is carmine. Carmine is a substance abstracted from the dead insects and widely being used as a food color. Therefore this product which is made in USA is still using natural insect based Carmine while in EU it has banned and in food stuff they are using plant based color ingredients. Because there was lengthy discussion amongst the scientists that this carmine causes allergic in human. Please see the link attached to the answer. Therefore, USA based M&M is not allowed while EU made can be consumed if the gelatin is not from the animals.

United States
In January 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluated a proposal that would require food products containing carmine to list it by name on the ingredient label.[15] It was also announced that the FDA will separately review the ingredient labels of prescription drugs that contain colorings derived from carmine. A request from the Center for Science in the Public Interest urging the FDA to require ingredient labels to explicitly state that carmine is derived from insects and may cause severe allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock was declined by the FDA.[16][17] Food industries were aggressively opposed to the idea of writing "insect-based" on the label, and the FDA agreed to allow "cochineal extract" or "carmine".[18]

European Union
In the European Union (EU), the use of carmine in foods is regulated under the European Commission's directives governing food additives in general[19][20] and food dyes in particular[21] and listed under the names Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines and Natural Red 4 as additive E 120 in the list of EU-approved food additives.[22] The directive governing food dyes approves the use of carmine for certain groups of foods only[23] and specifies a maximum amount which is permitted or restricts it to the quantum satis.[citation needed]

The EU-Directive 2000/13/EC[24] on food labeling mandates that carmines (like all food additives) must be included in the list of ingredients of a food product with its additive category and listed name or additive number, that is either as Food colour carmines or as Food colour E 120 in the local language(s) of the market(s) the product is sold in.[citation needed]

As of January 2012, EFSA has changed the way they allow use of Carmine E120 for pharmaceutical products. The EFSA had raised concerns over the increasing number of allergic reactions to carmine derived from insects (E120.360), when used within the British Pharmacopoeia. Pharmaceutical products which had previously contained insect-derived carmine, have been replaced with a synthesized version of the food colorant. Internal studies have shown that the new formulations of popular anti-nausea and weight-gain liquid medication had a significantly lower risk in terms of allergic reactions.[citation needed] The new formulation is known to be of plant origin, using calcium oxide to gauge color depth.[further explanation needed]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmine

In 1976, Mars eliminated red-colored M&M's[60] because of health concerns over the dye amaranth (FD&C Red #2), which was a suspected carcinogen, and replaced them with orange M&M's. This was done despite the fact that M&M's did not contain the dye; the action was purely to satisfy worried consumers.[13] Ten years later, Paul Hethmon, then a student at University of Tennessee, started a joke campaign to reinstate red M&M's that would eventually become a worldwide phenomenon.[61] Red M&M's were reintroduced as a result, and the orange M&M's that had originally replaced them were kept in production. In Europe, red M&M's contain the red dye carmine (E120, cochineal).[62] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%26M%27s

Yes Nikah can be performed during the menses.

For divorce (Talaq) one of the condition is that woman must not be in the state of her menses. She must be Pak (clean).

No doubt for sure Salatul Layl has many many benefits and blessings. https://www.al-islam.org/salatul-layl-tahera-kassamali-hasnain-kassamali/hadith-salatul-layl

Yes you are allowed to attend the majlis and take the Tabarruk.

Keeping the high level aim of Azadari of Imam Hussain as. and his companion this thing doesn't make sense. We should avoide such customs and traditions which can cause people get confused with other religions traditional and also about their logic. This act has no logic behind it. Must be avoided.

Please check the link im sending to you. Inshallah you may have a good colletion of Shia school of thought books on this link.
https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Musavi%20Lari%2C%20Mujtaba